Related tests: Positive Anti-Nuclear antibody (ANA), Anti-Mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and Anti-Smooth Muscle antibody (SMA) tests will be quantitated by titre.

Indications: Useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases.

AMA are sub-divided into nine different types, the M2 (anti-PDC E-2) type is associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC).
High titre SMA are associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1 (AIH Type 1).
Liver-Kidney Microsomal antibodies (LKM) are sub-divided into four different types, LKM-1 antibodies are associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 (AIH type 2).
ANA are often detected in autoimmune liver diseases, e.g ANA-Sp100 is associated with PBC.
Atypical pANCA can be found in association with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC).
Uncommon autoantibodies, e.g. Soluble Liver Antigen (SLA) and Liver Cytosol (LC-1), can occasionally be detected, in isolation, in AIH.